The Spanish sailed as far north as Scotland to make sure they did not regroup and return to collect Parmas army. Elizabeth I and Finances - History Learning Site Born: 7 September 1533. The English army was also poorly equipped and Elizabeth did not provide sufficient funds to pay for the English troops. Elizabeth's Legitimacy | History | tutor2u Spain had colonies in North and South America and Englands trade with them was very profitable, but foreigners needed a license to trade there. Philip II and the Pope supported the plot that would involve the invasion of England by the Duke of Guise. Answer:Despite initially being a threat to England, civil war in France from 1562 meant the French monarchs were too preoccupied with home affairs to pose a thr eye27 eye27 11.05.2020 On the show, Francis has a tumultuous relationship with his wife, Mary, and their inability to conceive a child is a major source of conflict between them. Anne Boleyn (L), Henry VIII (C) and Elizabeth I (R) Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Roberto Ridolfi was a spy of the Pope. This established a new Anglo-Scottish peace and also reconfirmed the agreement at Cateau-Cambresis. There were a number of factors that contributed to the English victory and Spanish defeat which included English strengths, Spanish weaknesses, as well as luck itself. Explain why Mary, Queen of Scots, was a threat to the reign of "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st point + explanation. Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland was part of the Rising in the North in 1569. Mary was spared. Marys permanent presence in England meant that she was a rallying point for many Catholics, who believed she had a stronger claim to the English throne than Elizabeth. Catholic priests are first smuggled into England. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. Parma and his men, however, were being blockaded by Dutch ships and werent able to reach the coast in time. VAT reg no 816865400. The victory over the Spanish was not just a military success for England, but it also helped to strengthen Elizabeths rule over the country. The Spanish invasion didnt go according to plan when the Spanish Armada was launched in 1588. English Catholic Francis Throckmorton was the link of communication within this plan. France, Spain and Scotland were all Catholic countries in 1558. Elizabeth increased her financial commitment to the cause of the Dutch rebels and hired mercenary soldiers to intervene in the conflict under the leadership of John Casimir. Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. However, the Act also established a national poor rate, made JPs (Justices of the Peace) keep registers of the poor and gave towns and cities the responsibility to find work for the able-bodied poor. A significant amount of the Spanish troops lacked the experience of naval warfare, whereas the English fleet was manned by experienced sailors. Mary, Queen of Scots cousin (the French Duke of Guise) intended to invade England, free Mary, overthrow Elizabeth and restore Catholicism. Her first husband, Francis II, had died in December 1560. Francis Drake is knighted on the Golden Hind. This led to a rampage of Spanish soldiers and the sacking of Antwerp. He even came to England to meet Elizabeth and she even announced before some of her courtiers that she would marry him. After her death in 1558, her half-sister Elizabeth I preceded the throne and she tried to re-establish Puritanism in England. Elizabeth made England protestant, which caused tension with the rest of Europe as they were heavily catholic (such as Spain and France). The plan was then for the combined forces would then sail across the Channel to England under the protection of the Armadas warships. From 1566 the Pope had instructed English Catholics to take part in recusancy, and by 1570 a Papal Bull had been issued excommunicating Elizabeth and stating that English Catholics had no need to have loyalty towards their Queen and instead should help overthrow her. The plots involved European conspirators and were supported by France, Spain and even the Pope. The fact that the Pope never approved Henry VIIIs divorce from Catherine of Aragon in 1533 (and England had to break from Rome in order to achieve this) combined with the fact that Catherine was still alive when Elizabeth was born. Best Answer. Marriage and the Succession She was expected to marry and produce an heir for the Tudor line but she wanted to choose the right person and not anger anyone. Also, the activities of English pirates', who looted Spanish ships, caused problems between Spain and England. Europe. This meant that England had suffered economically as they were not generating any income from Calais. The English were worried about the threat of invasion and they attacked the Spanish ships as they sailed along the Channel, but the Armada was so strong that most of the ships reached Calais safely. She managed these difficulties with great pragmatism and opportunism, reducing the threat of invasion. Foreign prince candinates would all be Catholic. The early Tudors, 1485-1558 | Institute of Continuing Education (ICE) Elizabeth seized the gold which angered King Phillip and in response, he seized English ships that were in Antwerp. The strength of this relationship was shown by the fact that French troops were stationed on the English and Scottish border. Elizabeth had also reduced the power of the northern nobles and increased her own control over the north through the Council of the North, which helped govern the area. -In 1558, Elizabeth the first became queen. From there we will look at the career . Legitimacy of succession: The Pope did not recognise Henry VIII's marriage to Anne. The plots were often uncovered due to Elizabeths informants and Walsinghams highly efficient spy network. - Financial issues may have led to her loosing powerful allies as she could not give important people grant patronages. The negotiations dragged on for four years with Elizabeth never giving a firm answer and Charles refusing to give up his Catholic faith. Elizabeth delayed the opening of this Parliament that had originally been summoned in the autumn of 1588 in response to the defeat of the Spanish Armada for as long as she could afford to, knowing that the Commons would be eager to broach two topics, religious debates and foreign policy, that she usually reserved to her prerogative. Describe two features of Elizabeth's religious settlement 1559 5. The child cried when he saw the _______ of his favorite toy in the driveway. William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley | English statesman Queen Elizabeth I: The Controversies and the - Ancient Origins This was because the society was very patriarchal, male dominated, meaning that she . 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. Marriage to a foreign prince would ensure a foreign alliance and would have strengthened England against threats from abroad. PDF History Paper 2 - Elizabeth Topic 1: Early threats and the Religious Although her small kingdom was threatened by grave internal divisions, Elizabeth's blend of shrewdness, courage, and majestic self-display inspired ardent expressions of loyalty and helped unify the nation against foreign enemies. A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria. - I partly agree with the statement as both France and Spain were powerful Catholic countries, who could unite against Protestant England. 1. However, there were other challenges facing Elizabeth. The traditional bonds between England and Spain were deteriorating and England needed the support of France for protection from Spain. You may use the following in your answer: France and Elizabeth's legitimacy (16 marks) 'Religion was the main cause of the . J. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - conclusion. Reigned: queen of England and Ireland for 44 years, from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. In 1485 - 1603 To What Extent Was The Government Of England - Phdessay King Phillip saw the signing of the 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch as a declaration fo war on Spain and in response, he began to build a huge fleet of ships known as an Armada to invade England with. Upon his arrival, he accepted the position of Governor-General which proved to be a big mistake as it suggested that Elizabeth had taken control of the Netherlands. The threat of France to Elizabeth's rule - BBC Bitesize In 1580, she received treasure from Sir Francis Drake from his exploits which was worth more than all the rest of her income for that year put together. Boston Spa, However, the Dutch had always governed themselves. He chose to sail around Scotland and Ireland which presented a dangerous route which the Spanish sailors were unfamiliar with. There were two important reasons why France was seen as a threat to England. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the problem posed to Elizabeth I upon her accession arising from the question of legitimacy. Importantly though, the arrival of Mary Queen of Scots in England did more to embolden the threat of Catholicism. In the eyes of the Church of England, Henry and Catherine were divorced and then Henry could marry Anne. The most important reason why Mary was a threat to Elizabeth's reign was the fact that Mary was Catholic. Write a paragraph or two. Her sister, Mary, had made Roman Catholicism the official religion of the country, but many of the people were. The Catholic threat - Elizabethan Religious Settlement - AQA - BBC Bitesize If those Catholics decided to rebel against . The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). It was the only major threat to Henry's security as monarch. The Problems Facing Elizabeth in 1558 - Coggle Italian bankers from Genoa had lent Philip II money to fund his campaign in the Netherlands (which was trying to put down the Dutch Revolt). Podcast: The Life and Significance of Alan Turing, Copyright The Historical Association 2023. The Armada set sail in May 1588, but due to bad weather and attempts by an English fleet to intercept it, was delayed for several weeks in the Bay of Biscay. She raised an army following her escape from prison but was defeated at Langside (Glasgow). One last thing to consider was the fact that Elizabeth was unmarried and childless. Robert Dudley was the Earl of Leicester and during the time of the conflict involving the Netherlands, he was appointed to lead the military expedition to the Netherlands. King Philip of Spain sent an. Why was the throckmorton plot a threat to elizabeth 12 marker? The English navy attempted some minor raids but they were largely ineffective as only 2 Spanish ships were lost, and these were by accident. He was a protestant and head of his country; however England viewed Sweden as a mediocre power and not a nation to be linked with in marriage. In 1595 Elizabeth had to deal with a rebellion in Ireland led by Tyrone and O'Donnell. From 1574, with the help of the Pope, Catholic priests were also being smuggled into England to continue the spread of the Catholic faith. A war would have to involve invasion because after 1558 England had no possessions in mainland Europe (Calais had been lost in 1558). Elizabeth's legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! The plot was uncovered whilst Ridolfi was abroad (he never returned). This meant her ability to govern from the outset was immediately hampered. Even though a truce was decided, there was still a constant threat from the Scots and French to the English security . Oct 12, 2019 83 Dislike Podpast 106 subscribers Recap and review of the problems Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. . Elizabeth I Skilful In Her Response To Threats History Essay Spymaster and Secretary of State from 1573 Francis Walsingham uncovered the plot. Importantly too, Elizabeths fear of the Auld Alliance was heightened by the fact that the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, had declared herself the legitimate Queen of England (owing to the fact that she was Elizabeths second cousin and the granddaughter of Henry VIIIs sister Margaret) and she had the support of many English Catholics. 2022 Youth Conference - post conference 4 month challenge! The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. Who was Queen Elizabeth enemies? - idswater.com There are 4 main exam boards used in the UK. Walsingham had established a large spy network and was able to intercept letters of Catholic conspirators and work with an expert cryptographer to decode them. The reasons for, and significance of, the Revolt of the Northern Earls, 156970. "The little Queen of Scots is the most perfect child that I have ever seen," King Henry II of France proclaimed soon after meeting his new charge (Mary of Guise had stayed in Scotland to rule . The accession of Elizabeth Tudor to the throne of England in November 1558 meant that Mary was, by virtue of her Tudor blood, next in line to the English throne. Norfolk was also expected to marry Mary. France was to be a constant thorn in the side of Elizabeth I throughout her reign. Mary's Catholicism and previous alliance with France increased the threat of a French invasion in support of her, which threatened the stability of Elizabeth's kingdom. The most formidable female leaders in history - Stars Insider The treaty essentially allowed Elizabeth to focus on developing events in the Netherlands and not worry about protecting her northern border. Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. Drake himself described the raid as Singeing the King of Spains beard. Coronation: 15 January 1559, Westminster Abbey. Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. The English sent 8 fireships loaded with flammable materials in the middle of the night towards the anchored Spanish ships. Therefore, I disagree with the statement. Elizabeth and James VI agreed to maintain Protestantism as their respective countries religion. threats did Elizabeth face in 1558? Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. The Duke of Norfolk was arrested and executed however Mary was not punished beyond her supervision being made tighter. "The Scarlet Ibis" would be a different story if it were told from Doodle's point of view. - Quite a significant political threat as both France and Spain had the power to invade England. The local inhabitants showed little mercy to the survivors of these wrecks. One reason Dudley failed was that he wasnt a talented general or tactician. There are 4 main exam boards which are AQA, Edexcel (Pearson), OCR and How To Revise For GCSE Psychology The ultimate step-by-step guide for students, teachers and private students. Can I give a retake in the feb/march if I had given my exams in the may/June series. This meant atholics did not think . He then banned English trade with the Netherlands for a period of time which damaged Englands economy and caused much hardship for the English people. The fear of a Catholic uprising and a plot against Elizabeth was a constant threat to her. She changed the church back to Anglican and it has been the official . In response to the Throckmorton Plot, Elizabeths advisors drafted the Bond of Association, which was aimed at deterring any further plots. [Relative comparison made to inform the judgement here shows instantly criteria are being established, helping to signpost the rest of the answer.]. Boston Spa, Elizabeth I faced more difficulties as a monarch than any other Tudor. Another being the English sympathy to the protestant rebels on the Netherlands. Born 7th September 1533 , Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Protestants (notably John Knox) initially claimed female rule was unnatural or monstrous, while Roman Catholics judged . In 1569, one of the wealthiest landowners in England, the Duke of Norfolk concocted a plan to marry Mary, Queen of Scots and have her recognised as Elizabeths heir. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd point + evidence, - However Elizabeth was also faced with threats about her legitimacy and gender, "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd explanation. Pick a key scene from the story and tell it from the third-person limited point of view, through Doodle's senses and feelings. Most people in . Stimulus = Anne Boleyn / The threat from France, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. No Payment details required and completelyRisk Free. Their complete failure effectively ended any threat Spain posed to the English. The failure of the colonisation was due to: the resistance of the Native Americans; conflict amongst the English settlers (who collectively had the wrong mix of skills to make the settlement a real success); the loss of supplies via the damage incurred on The Tiger and the fact that the voyage set off too late for crops to be planted (causing dependence on the rightfully suspicious Native Americans). Marys clear awareness and support of the Babington plot led to her being sentenced to death in October 1586. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. his early wars against France and his championing of Catholic orthodoxy against the teachings of Martin Luther. Spain and France were the major European powers. Mary | Biography & Facts | Britannica Died: 24 March 1603. Essentially, this meant England and Spain were now at war. Spain depended on large ships which were heavy and difficult to handle whereas the English built long, narrow ships that were faster and easier to handle. The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). This was an important symbolic gesture, which angered Philip II. PDF GCSE History Elizabethan Age, 1558-1603 Revision guide Financial Weakness She was 300,000 in debt. Learning of the Spanish plans to build an Armada and invade England, Drakes mission was to try and stop this. Mary was forced to flee following her unsuccessful attempt to win back her Scottish throne. 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. Spain and France were also involved in these plots and so there was always the danger of a foriegn invasion. PDF Elizabethan England 155888. (Paper 2) Model - The Oakwood Academy This was due to the actions of her father, Henry VIII, in 1533. Importantly too, at different points these plots were orchestrated or sponsored by the Pope and Spain and were dependent on the support of English Catholics to work, demonstrating the increasing Catholic threat to Elizabeth, internationally and domestically. Spains forces in the Netherlands mutinied (as they hadnt been paid by the now bankrupt Spanish government). In October 1586, Mary was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death. As King Phillip II ruled the Netherlands, he had control over the access to these vital Dutch ports and he could, therefore, limit English access. Save. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Stimulus = Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England / The sea beggars, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. English canons could also be reloaded more quickly than the Spanish ones allowing them to inflict greater damage. When Mary I died in 1558, England and Spain were allies in a war against France. Naval support by the English proved to be more effective for the Dutch rebels and a fleet of English ships patrolled the Dutch coastline to prevent the Spanish from landing some of their forces by sea. It was a turning point: the rest of Elizabeth's reign was bedevilled by plots and rumours of Catholic rebellion. Drake also managed to capture a Spanish ship called the. The news of the rebellion caused widespread. With no clear military successes for Dudley, he resigned his post in 1587 and returned to England. In 1554 Mary had Elizabeth imprisoned in the Tower of London, briefly threatened her with execution, and then placed her under house arrest. The Religious Settlement of 1559 - History Learning Site Their union had brought peace between Spain and England, and Elizabeth's Privy Council hoped to maintain this. One way in which Mary was central to the Catholic threat was through her part in various plots to overthrow Elizabeth. 806 8067 22 Registered Office: Imperial House, 2nd Floor, 40-42 Queens Road, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 3XB, Taking a break or withdrawing from your course. The death of Spains leading admiral, Santa Cruz, in February 1588, led to the appointment of the inexperienced Duke of Medina Sidonia to lead the Spanish Armada. Doodle's Point of View What he meant by this was he had inflicted significant temporary damage on the Spanish Armada and it would regrow in time. These problems included Gender, Religion, Finance and Foreign policy. Boston House, In 1568 Elizabeth also controversially stole gold from Spanish ships (which was loaned from Genoese banks to fund the Spanish army, against the Dutch rebels) that were staying at English ports. - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. Elizabeth's Accession and Her Legitimacy (GCSE Example Answer - Tutor2u Mary, Queen of Scots, flees from Scotland to England. . Elizabeth was in debt, she was unmarried and therefore had no alliances to help her counter the Auld Alliance (which would have been a concern even if Mary Queen of Scots and Prince Francis were not married and even if Mary had no claim to the throne). - navy to firth of Forth. [Blog], Medicine Community Feedback and Suggestions, 2023 entry A100 / A101 Medicine fastest and slowest offer senders, Borders & Enforcement, Immigration Enforcement - Immigration Officer June 22, Official University of the Arts London 2023 Applicants Thread. The Spanish Armada sailed in 1588 and was completely defeated by the English. This increased tension between England and Spain. You may use the following in your answer: Mary, Queen of Scots and foreign threat (12 marks) . To counter homelessness and the begging/criminal activity that sometimes accompanied this, a law was passed that stated that, if found, vagrants were: 1) to be whipped and have a hole drilled through each ear 2) if found a second time would be imprisoned 3) would be killed if found a third time. how significant was the catholic threat to elizabeth 1, posed by her Native American hostility occurred from the start, however. Most of the fleet was then destroyed by storms. However, the Privy Council had put huge pressure on Elizabeth to marry and urged her to take a husband in late 1559, which suggests that the Privy Council would have agreed on a suitor had there been someone suitable as they realised the importance of securing a Protestant English throne and the Tudor dynasty, and perhaps it was this lack of a suitable suitor that caused Elizabeth to remain . - rebelling of scottish lords. Elizabeth lived quietly at her . Moreover, to raise money Elizabeth would have to make the immediately-unpopular decision of raising taxes, the permission for which would need to be granted by parliament (which, in turn, could then make further demands on Elizabeth). Elizabeth couldn't restore authority and teachings of the Pope. Suitable for the Edexcel GCSE History (9-1) course. Looking back at historical examples, it might be because they did a . Elizabeth offered support to the Protestant Henry IV of France but found him an difficult ally to get on with. Some Vikings fled to France to establish a colony called Normandy. Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. Elizabeth 1 - Foreign Policy - Revision Cards in A Level and IB History Edward was succeeded by Mary, who in turn ruled for five years until her death in 1558. Describe two threats posed by Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth in 1568 4. The first being Elizabeth's refusal of marriage to Phillip if Spain. There are many reasons for this, including interference in English affairs from the Pope, Elizabeth's role in the Dutch revolt (which angered Catholic Spain), Mary Queen of Scots' arrival in England in 1568 and the rebellion in 1569 that was led by the Catholic Earls Northumberland and Westmoreland. This risked provoking King Phillip further and to avoid this, Elizabeth forced Dudley to resign his position immediately. She was a Protestant. Elizabeth would receive a share of the privateers profits and as Englands financial situation was poor at the time, this proved to be an incredibly important source of income for the Queen.